equated with the paradisal city-temple of 21:2 and 21:9–22:5 is also supported by J. D. Levenson’s observation that ‘heaven and earth’ in the Old Testament may sometimes be a way of referring to Jerusalem or its temple, for which ‘Jerusalem’ is a metonymy.1 He quotes Isaiah 65:17–18 in support: ‘For behold, I create new heavens and a new earth;/And the former things shall not be remembered or come to mind./‘But be glad and rejoice forever in what I create;/For behold, I create Jerusalem for rejoicing’ (emphasis
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